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Colorado's forests The first thing to do when arriving to a plot is to find "plot center," which is the red dot with a 1 next to it on the figure. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/30b0c4ff-77bb-4518-8a73-c5b00d856560/Figure+1.jpg Science - Tree whisperers: the ins and outs of how scientists track the health of Colorado's forests Most of our work occurs within the light green circles in the figure, which are called "subplots." There are four subplots per plot. Each subplot has a 24-foot radius. We take the same measurements across all four subplots. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/30b0c4ff-77bb-4518-8a73-c5b00d856560/Figure+1.jpg Science - Tree whisperers: the ins and outs of how scientists track the health of Colorado's forests Within each subplot, there is also a "microplot," denoted by the small dark grey circle with a 6.8 foot radius. Here, smaller trees are included in our measurements to account for new growth in the forest. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/aa1b92fd-ca7f-4dda-9861-4cd904de373b/FIA+coordinates+and+center+stake.jpg Science - Tree whisperers: the ins and outs of how scientists track the health of Colorado's forests We measure each plot once every ten years. Because the program has existed in some form for almost 100 years, there are usually detailed directions and GPS coordinates to reach plot center, denoted by the stake wrapped in orange flagging. The green device on the tripod is a high-accuracy GPS, which will make it easier for future researchers to locate the plot. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/2d3f75fd-b147-45e8-8a8b-d45e241f8b82/Photo+4.jpg Science - Tree whisperers: the ins and outs of how scientists track the health of Colorado's forests Compasses are critical for navigation between subplots. Subplot 1 sits at the center of the entire plot. The centers of subplots 2-4 are 120 feet away from subplot 1. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/ee7dc36f-6b1c-4680-900e-5b424d289b5b/FIA+microplot+stake.jpg Science - Tree whisperers: the ins and outs of how scientists track the health of Colorado's forests There is a stake that sits at the center of the microplot, wrapped in blue and white striped flagging. On each subplot, microplot center is 12 feet away from subplot center at 90 degrees. Having two stakes is also helpful for finding each subplot. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/2389df23-e5f6-4b79-a807-6142bf3948c2/FIA+Dan+working+in+the+snow.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/a737e3ac-ebe4-4b2f-9948-887122372b02/Photo+2.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/a49e3852-27d6-4466-a247-31b2291e85f2/FIA+Derek+looking+out+into+valley.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/0c398682-f3a1-467f-b7bd-a074f8f872fa/FIA+two+roads.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/30b0c4ff-77bb-4518-8a73-c5b00d856560/Figure+1.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/329bcc4b-11f3-4f4f-8b62-b2b81848f15f/Derek+wrapping+tree.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/b33e823d-f0d6-4299-a0a4-70c654a214ad/FIA+tree+monumentation.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/7d64ce90-fe3f-40aa-b14d-1583dbf582a8/FIA+Derek+measuring+tree+with+laser+2.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/63b65d48-7399-4b55-96ea-9403d9bd9b2c/FIA+Derek+measuring+tree+with+laser.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/78cb9d0d-6b4f-4fda-8d19-05aeb181b51f/Grand+Mesa+tree+shadows+intimate.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/17a3730c-2a7d-4efc-b748-280a09088c0e/Photo+7.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/6a93a283-0310-438f-9cb9-2b95f2f9d796/Photo+6.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/738e4b22-99b9-42ea-9c49-aa49adf8786d/FIA+counting+tree+rings.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/5f76b68b-13d1-4efc-b24e-0e7584885397/GSDNP+camping.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/da501481-636f-4dcb-b782-79b9e09386cb/SB+Milky+Way+Headlamp.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/46bf658b-1d60-4ccd-bced-33260502d5a8/Grand+Mesa+misty+woods.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/819cef26-f497-4bdd-8aca-199e87c07fcc/layered+aspens.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/53fbbcfb-c9c3-4c7a-8372-57b6f576d9f1/Grand+Mesa+misty+tree.jpg https://korolevphotography.com/science/project-two-llrgk-2bw5l monthly 0.5 2025-12-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/b153147a-70ea-43db-9a36-5089a28ec687/Tanguro+rain+over+soy+field.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest Since 2004, scientists have been allowed to research on the Tanguro farm, which is comprised of about 50% untouched rainforest and 50% farmland. Soy and corn farmlands surrounded the research station. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/08b5b993-fc59-447f-ad5d-a74b273293c4/Tanguro+jungle+abstract+fern.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/29b123c7-2916-4ad0-bb83-9f6ad15c9d06/Tanguro+Leo+drone.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest Thermal drones help us understand differences in the temperature profiles of farmlands and forests. This is especially important for water retention in soil. Forests are shadier and cooler, so water takes longer to evaporate compared to the sunnier farmlands. Look at how dry the dirt road is in this image -- that level of aridity is not natural for this area. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/cdec1dab-5d10-4a80-8597-456ded4bdf01/tanguro+marcia+santarem.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/3929a9ba-ea9f-4b41-9160-c3f5ff9092c1/Tanguro+grasses+sunset.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest This field sits directly behind the cafeteria. Very few of these plants could be found in an undisturbed rainforest. Even the eucalyptus trees on the horizon aren't native. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/a9aa0c3c-489c-47d6-ab40-d76ecbcf4375/Tanguro+Leo+in+jungle+2.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/efd335fa-0e4a-49d1-b2f3-ecf0c186248a/Tanguro+drone+controller.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest This is a thermal image taken from the drone during a flight. The red areas on the monitor are the hottest, and they are few and far between in the forest. Most of the understory is blue and green, with red present only at the top of the canopy. The thermal profile for the farmlands was filled with oranges and reds. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/148b6437-6e7d-406d-928c-bfd6d41c4d3d/tanguro+dona+lucia.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest Dona Lúcia kept everyone well fed with three square meals each day. Don't be late, the food goes fast. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/6f34f444-5cf6-40fd-8fb3-947d60eb8511/tanguro+uno.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/c4e8532c-e0ff-46aa-930e-a4010dd0ed05/Tanguro+tarantula+in+jungle.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/b2f50479-84cb-48de-a02a-985727e86cca/eucalyptus+better.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest More eucalyptus trees. Farmers plant them for shade. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/cd71a43b-12d7-4561-862a-03d1802d775c/Tanguro+Abra+syringe+shooting+water.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest Deep in the forest, a coworker rinses a syringe with water from a nearby stream. She sampled the same streams at multiple locations, some of which were surrounded by farmlands, others forests. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/7677aa8d-d031-43f5-bba0-fa9bb6eb5de2/Tanguro+sparks.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest Her husband, Seu Bate, could construct just about anything. He has worked at Tanguro since the first year of the project. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/2036ba8d-31a5-45bf-85d6-a7d7ff12ac97/Marcia+and+Abra+in+lab.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/b29e6c7f-0e1b-40ca-98dc-72a134f11e3e/Tanguro+Darro+and+boat.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest Even this image contains unnatural land features for a rainforest. A river was dammed to make this reservoir. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/93b5214f-46f1-4417-9052-df4f44d2ae80/Tanguro+canopy+at+sunset.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/60513a2b-28f7-42f9-a6e2-e485ad4c4291/abra+darlasson.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest This helped her understand how humans change a river's nutrient levels and temperature. Fertilizers from the farms are carried deeper into the forest by rivers. Water temperatures are higher when there is no shade. Both of these changes affect which species can live in the rivers. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/c2ab1b29-a615-4bba-b29a-e0ab6546ce04/Tanguro+Abra+Zoe+paddling.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/250ecaf1-af0d-4b1d-9d5f-7cc48ab17900/Tanguro+burrowing+owl.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest Different habitat, different animals. This burrowing owl, which prefers to live in open grasslands, made its home on the research station grounds. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/6aa1c621-0548-46d8-a217-62544f80cc56/Tanguro+Marcia+dissolved+gas+samping.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest A scientist puts water from a manmade reservoir into a vial. The water itself is not so important for this experiment. Instead, she measured the concentration of dissolved methane gas particles that float in between water molecules. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas. Reservoirs like this one are common across the edge of the rainforest, but we don't have a good understanding of how much methane they release. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/37d9856d-ab0f-4d2b-9b57-9dffc5f0c1ca/Tanguro+Santarem+coring.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest Santarém the boat master, Dona Lúcia's and Seu Bate's son-in-law. He helped with any sampling that happened in the water. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/a6f2bc64-9e35-484c-ad8e-ec1cc936b08a/Tanguro+on+a+walk.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/b279ee7d-7824-462e-a345-cad2abd7179a/Tanguro+Tapir+soy+field.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest Animals that are native to the area, like tapirs, must navigate forest fragmentation. Here, a tapir wades through a soybean field to reach a different section of forest. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/7457877b-2496-4b5a-8981-43fe279c1255/Tanguro+Leo+and+Zoe+climbing+tower.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest In the forest, there is a narrow tower that measures greenhouse gas concentrations, wind speed and direction, and temperature. A single one of these towers can measure these variables across an area around the size of a football field. There is a second tower in one of the farmlands, which allows scientists to compare differences in greenhouse gas emissions and absorptions across the ecosystems. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/71e62f27-d74c-4a24-b406-d9de3e0b9440/Tanguro+Leo+in+riparian+zone.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest Leo, program coordinator. Always thinking three steps ahead. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/1dd3fbd6-4aae-4411-9d2c-a5f02059d159/Stream+Sampling+Shenanigans.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/66020c18-1f6e-454b-a64f-a835a48aa93b/Tanguro+Tapir+soy+field+big.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest He has a long way to go. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/c6809d1f-59e2-4071-85cd-c150234e8714/Tanguro+tower+perspective+shot.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest It's a long climb to the top. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/ad037bb6-d5a5-4073-84ea-9cf9a5c59e03/tanguro+birthday.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/3c752f43-5ffa-4d68-bc5a-54e522d329af/Tanguro+Darlasson+sitting.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest Darlisson, expert navigator. Rarely seen without his shin guards, which helped protect him from snake bites in the jungle. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/1f8afdde-6e54-48f4-a9b8-312df4a36bc6/tanguro+bulldozer.jpg Science - Tanguro Field Station: land use change research at the edge of the Amazon Rainforest The changes aren't stopping. By this time, none of the trees in this image are left standing. https://korolevphotography.com/science/project-one-ephnc-ecy3x monthly 0.5 2025-12-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/fa6d7915-dcff-47e5-9798-100486c0ba60/YKD+float+plane.jpg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska The research site was 50 miles away from the nearest town, so we chartered several float planes to transport us and our gear to the peninsula where we situated our camp. We stayed there for months at a time, meaning we brought all of our food and scientific equipment on day 1. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/7673439b-9c8b-4140-892a-4038a4deb5ec/YKD+arctic+tern.jpg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska Left to right: an Arctic tern looks down for his next meal, a beaver chews on wetland plants at the edge of Landing Lake, and a moose looks at our camp from Landing Lake at dawn. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/c10e2c83-abc1-40a4-8720-9e3fa6919147/YKD+unburned+tower.jpg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska There are two eddy covariance flux towers nearby our camp that continuously measure environmental variables, including temperature, wind speed and direction, and carbon dioxide and methane levels. One tower can record data over an area about the size of a football field. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/60ccf515-f982-4057-80aa-c7866850303d/YKD+clouds+and+tents.jpg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska I'll wrap things up with a couple of sunsets. I would occasionally go out on the water in the evenings to escape the mosquitoes and enjoy the sunsets. I think this image does a good job of capturing the texture and vastness of the sky in the YKD. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/3c3c5e8b-9467-479b-a352-881d97df89bf/YKD+camp+sunset.jpg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska I grabbed this shot of camp just before the sun dipped below a cloud bank. This photo was taken around 10:00 pm at night. There was no darkness during June and July. Bad for sleep, very good for science. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/f0021e52-ffab-421d-9a27-ac9ffdb70983/YKD+rainbow+over+camp.jpg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska When the sun did shine, the landscape transformed into a sea of vibrant greens and yellows, colors made all the more beautiful by their scarcity. I saw rainbows frequently here, but this is one of the best. If you look closely, you'll see that there's a faint second arch above the first. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/c4a954ab-8f1f-476f-a869-b43c8e917334/YKD+collar+in+ground.jpg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska We installed several of these plastic collars into the ground near camp. The top layer of tundra was soft enough to cut through with a bread knife, which was how we pushed them into the ground. The collars are one portion an experiment that measures the release and absorption of greenhouse gases. Once installed, we attached a clear fitted chamber (see image to the right) atop the collars to measure how much carbon dioxide was being emitted or absorbed by the plants inside of the collar. We pushed the collars into the ground to ensure that there was an airtight seal during our measurements and no ambient air entered unintentionally. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/b84077dc-90f9-4178-9434-9af4764aec03/IMG_7520.jpeg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska Me and a friend in the back of the float plane. We were dressed for colder temperatures: most days were around 50 - 60 degrees Fahrenheit, not including rain and windchill. Photo credit: Christina Minions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/23eefe0d-ca2c-4897-bbf7-3dd9b63f5174/YKD+beaver.jpg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska I have never been surrounded by nature so closely. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/27502d71-82b9-4ec7-97cc-93ac3500a4ef/IMG_7635.jpeg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska The tundra was so soggy that walking across Landing Lake was an easier way to reach some of our field sites. We would bring a boat full of supplies to help lighten the load and keep our balance as we walked. Photo credit: Christina Minions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/09093b34-3591-4bc2-b77d-5a0ee5a6216f/YKD+burned+tower.jpg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska Flux towers play an integral role in understanding how the Arctic responds to climate change. Current climate change models don't adequately include greenhouse gas emissions from thawing permafrost, and these towers are helping to close that data gap. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/62bc504f-48b8-4d19-add5-3bc5a58539eb/YKD+pink+sunset.jpg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska Another nice sunset, this one taken in mid-September on one of my last days in the Delta. By this time, the temperatures had begun to drop and we experienced real darkness for a few hours each night. We couldn't stay for much longer because the float planes couldn't land safety when ice was present on Landing Lake. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/440b029b-4f1a-4a8c-8aef-d38276466361/YKD+cottongrass+still.jpg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska This is cottongrass. Fields of them dot the landscape during the summer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/793e3312-4971-48ab-b6d8-047b29f6355d/YKD+licor+mitch+unhappy.jpg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska The orange box is a LI-COR LI-840A, which measures carbon dioxide concentrations. The translucent tubing that connects the chamber to the LI-COR creates a closed system, meaning only the air inside the chamber is measured. The LI-COR samples this air continuously. We hook the LI-COR up to the computer to track the measurements. Because plants use carbon dioxide when they photosynthesize, we can get a good idea of how productive different plant species are by looking at how quickly carbon dioxide levels inside the chamber decrease. Photo credit: Cameron Gaspord https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/c44f3de5-a422-406e-b718-9d35103990bf/YKD+Moose+in+Water.jpg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska Winds and gray skies often lasted all day. These silhouettes and shadowy landscapes capture the essence of the YKD. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/1711809286881-Q9U634YEDWEFVYVL3D81/YKD%2Bburned%2Btower%2Bpeople%2Bworking.jpg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska They are delicate instruments and often require our attention. Here, a few coworkers are cleaning the methane gas analyzer, which looks like a small white water tower. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/f0a99444-3e7b-4c93-ac4f-22ebb039f00b/YKD+tent+and+sky.jpg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska The edge of the peninsula. The lake in the background was deemed "Landing Lake," for it was the only water body in the area large enough for the float planes to land safely. I lived out of that tent for months! https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/fe43b99b-f854-4fc1-a2e1-649f6871d90f/YKD+cottongrass+swaying.jpg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/dea57569-bbd8-4b03-a317-18253884f848/YKD+camp.jpg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska Camp at its busiest. The green tent in the foreground was our lab tent, where we processed water samples and prepped experiments. The "T" shaped tools in front of the lab were used to measure how deep the permafrost has thawed. The white tent in the foreground was the common tent, where the team cooked meals and played games in the evenings. In front of the common tent was the solar panel and our water storage. Landing Lake was not potable on its own, so we manually pumped our water using the apparatus to the right of the blue jugs. We tried to only walk on the wooden and plastic boards to avoid degrading the environment too much. The tents in the background belonged to a group of students who joined us in the field for a couple of weeks. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/a2fed95b-d1ef-4c5d-adba-be4e57aedd8d/YKD+cloudberries.jpg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska This plant is called Labrador Tea. The leaves give off a citrusy scent in the summer months, like lemons with a hint of pine. Falling asleep in this perfume was a welcome change from the sweat and grime of the days. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/163ecd20-32fe-4dba-96bf-efe78605363b/YKD+shrubs.jpg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska I wore a few scientific hats while in the YKD, but my favorite project was the plant survey. Plants can adjust when they begin certain life stages (growing new leaves, reproductive cycles, etc). This is called phenology. As climate change alters the temperatures and rain patterns in the YKD, plants may react differently than they have in past centuries. Understanding these changes can help us determine how much carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas, plants in the YKD can absorb. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/95ab2419-7580-4d9e-85ae-02626c1c04d9/YKD+Jackie+in+tent.jpg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska Inside the common tent. Photo credit: Christina Minions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/2ed10d15-e1c0-4ed3-a66c-09abf0865a80/YKD+helicopter.jpg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska Helicopter sampling projects were a close second favorite. We chartered this helicopter a few times each season to measure water from sources that were too far away to walk to. This experiment focused on differences in nutrient concentrations between streams, lakes, and fens. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6478b77cddfaaa30610930ca/d527e328-e668-47e3-96f4-95910291fe32/YKD+Mitch+and+Cameron+in+tent.jpg Science - The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: measuring climate change in Subarctic Alaska